![]() ![]() These hard working people, who have been struggling for thousands of years in the desert, will not give up so easily.Ī: Rain- The amount of yearly rain is low in deserts, most times less than 250ml. They are loose and long unless people are influenced by city dwellers’ culture.Although the Iranian plateau forces its compelling situations, its inhabitants struggle for preserving living conditions. Walls have to be built very thick for the sake of insulation and roofs have to be built in cupola or vaulted forms to last longer.People are usually dressed in bright colors and clothing is mostly made of cotton. Sun-dried brick, raw mud and in some areas a limited quantity of stone are the only constructional materials used to build houses. When neither of the above helps, they have to migrate to somewhere else in search for better living conditions. So, they have to make a living just by herding cattle. They have to plant wheat, barley, fruit trees and alike. People live only in oases in small scales and they rely on farming, herding animals and migrating. Usually vine or similar trees with deep going roots are planted so that they could survive. Local people use the highly tolerant animals, camels, to travel through the desert. So, desert dwellers make the most of the minimum water they get. At times, semi-deep wells are dug to get water. Water is not easily accessible at every corner of the deserts.Life goes on at the areas where water can be found in springs or through the ancient technique of making underground aqueducts called kariz (qanat). Again it is only water that helps plants grow and people stay in an area within the desert. It is always water that determines life situation everywhere. Therefore, blocking winds by wood-made walls and planting shrubs and trees are carried out to confront the destructive natural forces. Since these regions are always open to winds and there are not sufficient plants to preserve soil, wind erodes the earth and brings about losses. It goes without saying that there cannot be proper and enough soil and water for plants to grow. It usually rains during winter and sometimes showers that leads to wash away the earth. During summer, it decreases, at times, down to %0. The annual relative humidity is below %30. In general, the ecological conditions of the deserts in Iran are so severe that they are not tolerable either in summer or winter.It rarely snow there. The average temperature during January and May are 22 degrees C and 40 degrees C respectively. Depending upon how far a point is from higher altitudes, temperature is varied.A point far from altitudes can reach up to 60 degrees C during summer. Some of the ecological features of the deserts in Iran are strong sunshine, relatively little humidity, little rainfall and excessive vaporization. The difference of temperature between days and nights during a year in Dasht-e-Kavir is between 0 and 70 degrees C. At times, this phenomenon forms long sand hills of 40m high.From structural point of view, Dasht-e-Kavir is very much different form Kavir-e-Lut. The major part of Dasht-e-Kavir is covered by sand and pebbles and exposed to strong winds and storms that set salt-combined sand in motion like sea waves. The minimum altitude of this desert is 400 m ASL. In Kavir-e-Lut, large amount of sand is always moving southward forming sand hills and running sand masses.Dasht-e-Kavir is a geological pit almost at the north of Kavir-e-Lut. The average altitude of this desert is almost 600 m above sea level (ASL) and the lowest point near “khabis” is almost 300m ASL. Kavir-e-Lut is a pit formed by broken layers of the earth.The maximum annual rainfall is approximately 100 mm there. Kavir-e-Lut is the largest pit inside the Iranian plateau and probably one of the largest ones in the world. They are both some of the most arid and maybe hottest areas of their kinds in the world. The well-known deserts of Iran are at two major regions: ![]() Iran is situated in a high-altitude plateau surrounded by connected ranges of mountains. ![]()
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